Early detection model for pancreatic necrosis improves patient outcomes

A new prediction model for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) offers a groundbreaking approach to improving patient outcomes. Developed by a team of researchers across eight Chinese hospitals, the model harnesses five early clinical indicators—respiratory rate, temperature, serum glucose, calcium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)—to identify high-risk patients within 24 hours of hospital admission.

The study, recently published in eGastroenterology, analyzed data from over 3,000 patients diagnosed with AP between 2017 and 2023. Researchers employed advanced statistical methods, including LASSO regression and multivariate analysis, to develop and validate the model.

In the development phase, it achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85, significantly outperforming widely used scoring systems like BISAP (AUC 0.76) and SOFA (AUC 0.57).

“Infected pancreatic necrosis is a serious complication of acute pancreatitis that increases mortality risk and hospital stays,” said Dr. Dong Wu, a senior researcher from Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

“Our model represents a practical and highly accurate tool for early risk stratification, ensuring timely intervention and better resource allocation in health care systems.”

Why early detection matters

IPN occurs in approximately 6% of AP cases, with a markedly higher prevalence in patients suffering from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Left untreated, the condition can lead to systemic infections, multiple organ failure, and increased mortality. Timely and accurate prediction is critical for initiating appropriate treatments, including antibiotics and minimally invasive procedures.

The model focuses on variables readily available in routine clinical settings, such as vital signs and basic laboratory tests. This approach ensures ease of implementation and minimizes reliance on expensive or specialized diagnostic tools.

“By focusing on universally available clinical data, our model can be adopted across diverse health care settings, including those with limited resources,” noted Dr. Yin Zhu from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University.

Implications for clinical practice

The study underscores the model’s utility in guiding personalized care strategies for AP patients. For high-risk individuals identified by the model, clinicians can prioritize closer monitoring and early initiation of targeted therapies. This proactive approach has the potential to significantly reduce complications and associated health care costs.

“Decision curve analysis revealed that the model offers a positive net benefit across a wide range of clinical thresholds,” explained Dr. Hongda Chen from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. “This means clinicians can confidently use it to balance the risks of overtreatment against the dangers of missed diagnoses.”

Global reach and future directions

Although validated in a Chinese population, the researchers aim to expand the model’s application globally. Further studies are planned to adapt it for Western populations, where alcohol-related pancreatitis is predominant and other demographic factors may influence outcomes. The model also opens avenues for further research into preventive measures and early interventions for IPN.

“This innovation is a step forward in personalized medicine,” added Dr. Dong Wu. “We hope it will serve as a catalyst for future advancements in acute pancreatitis care, particularly in regions with high disease burden.”

Provided by
First Hospital of Jilin University